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Relative tolerances of shrubs to salinity — Two sources of data

    Source 1* Source 2**
Botanical name Common name Tolerance to salt spray Tolerance to soil salinity Tolerance to salt spray Tolerance to soil salinity
Abelia grandiflora Rehd. abelia ‘Edward Goucher’ --- --- sensitive sensitive
Acacia redolens spreading acacia --- moderately tolerant --- ---
Acacia redolens Maslin. prostrate acacia --- --- tolerant tolerant
Acalypha wilkesiana Muell. copper leaf --- --- sensitive sensitive
Agave americana L. century plant --- --- highly tolerant tolerant
Arctostaphylos densiflora M.S.Bac Vine Hill manzanita --- --- tolerant tolerant
Atriplex canescens four-wing saltbush --- tolerant --- ---
Baccharis pilularis coyotebush --- moderately tolerant --- ---
Bambusa sp. Schreb. bamboo --- --- moderate moderate
Bougainvillea spectabilis bougainvillea --- moderately tolerant --- ---
Buddleja davidii Franch. butterfly bush --- --- sensitive sensitive
Buxus microphylla Japanese boxwood tolerant moderately sensitive --- ---
Buxus microphylla Mull. Arg. Japanese boxwood --- --- tolerant moderate
Calliandra haematocephala Hassk. powder puff tree --- --- sensitive sensitive
Callistemon rigidus R. Br. bottle brush --- --- moderate moderate
Callistemon viminalis bottle brush --- moderately tolerant --- ---
Camellia japonica L. camellia --- --- sensitive sensitive
Canna generalis Bailey. canna lily --- --- moderate moderate
Carica papaya L. papaya --- --- moderate moderate
Carissa macrocarpa A. DC. natal plum --- --- highly tolerant tolerant
Ceanothus thyrsiflorus wild lilac moderately sensitive --- --- ---
Ceanothus thyrsiflorus Esch. blue blossom --- --- tolerant moderate
Cestrum aurantiacum Lindl. orange cestrum --- --- moderate moderate
Codiaeum variegatum Blume. croton --- --- sensitive sensitive
Cornus mas L. Cornelian cherry --- --- sensitive sensitive
Cotoneaster buxifolius cotoneaster moderately tolerant sensitive --- ---
Cotoneaster congestus Pyrenees cotoneaster --- sensitive --- ---
Cotoneaster congestus Baker Pyrenees cotoneaster --- --- sensitive sensitive
Cotoneaster microphylla Lindl. Rockspray cotoneaster --- --- moderate sensitive
Dracaena deremensis Engler. dracaena --- --- moderate moderate
Elaeagnus pungens silverberry moderately sensitive --- ---
Elaeagnus pungens Thunb. silverthorn, silverberry --- --- highly tolerant tolerant
Escallonia rubra Pers. escallonia --- --- tolerant moderate
Eugenia unifora L. Surinam cherry --- --- sensitive sensitive
Euonymus japonica Japanese euonymus moderately tolerant moderately tolerant --- ---
Euphorbia milii Ch. Des Moulins crown of thorns --- --- highly tolerant highly tolerant
Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. poinsetta --- --- sensitive sensitive
Euryops pectinatus L. golden shrub daisy --- --- tolerant moderate
Forsythia x intermedia Zabel hybrid forsythia --- --- moderate moderate
Gamolepis chrysanthemoides DC. African bush daisy --- --- highly tolerant tolerant
Gardenia augusta Merrill Cape jasmine, gardenia --- --- moderate moderate
Heliconia sp. heliconia --- --- moderate moderate
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. rose of China, garden hibiscus --- --- moderate moderate
Hydrangea macrophylla Ser. hydrangea --- --- tolerant moderate
Ilex cornuta Chinese holly --- sensitive --- ---
Ilex cornuta ‘Burfordii’ Burford holly --- sensitive --- ---
Ilex cornuta Burford Chinese Holly --- --- moderate moderate
Ilex vomitoria yaupon holly moderately tolerant moderately sensitive --- ---
Ilex vomitoria Ait. yaupon Holly --- --- tolerant tolerant
Ilex vomitoria Nana dwarf yaupon holly --- --- highly tolerant tolerant
Ixora coccinea L. ixora --- --- sensitive sensitive
Jasminum polyanthum Franch. jasmine --- --- moderate moderate
Jatropha multifida L. coral plant --- --- sensitive moderate
Juniperus chinensis blue point juniper --- moderately sensitive --- ---
Juniperus chinensis Hollywood juniper, spreading juniper --- moderately sensitive --- ---
Juniperus sabina ‘Buffalo’ buffalo juniper moderately tolerant --- ---
Justicia brandegeana Wassh. shrimp plant --- --- sensitive sensitive
Lantana camara L. lantana --- --- highly tolerant tolerant
Leucophyllum frutescens Texas sage --- moderately tolerant --- ---
Ligustrum lucidum glossy privet --- moderately sensitive --- ---
Mahonia aquifolium Nutt. Oregon grape --- --- sensitive sensitive
Mahonia pinnata Fedde California holly grape --- --- sensitive sensitive
Murraya paniculata L. orange jessamine --- --- sensitive sensitive
Myrica cerifera L. wax myrtle --- --- highly tolerant tolerant
Myrtus communis L. true myrtle --- --- tolerant tolerant
Nandina domestica nandina sensitive sensitive --- ---
Nandina domestica Thunb. heavenly bamboo --- --- sensitive sensitive
Nerium oleander L. oleander tolerant moderately tolerant highly tolerant tolerant
Olea europaea European olive --- moderately tolerant --- ---
Opuntia sp. Miller opuntia cactus --- --- moderate tolerant
Parthenium argentatum Gray. guayule --- --- highly tolerant highly tolerant
Pentas lanceolata Deflers pentas, Egyptian star-cluster --- --- sensitive sensitive
Photinia fraseri red tip photinia sensitive sensitive --- ---
Photinia fraseri Dress photinia --- --- sensitive sensitive
Photinia glabra Maxim. Japanese photinia --- --- sensitive sensitive
Pittosporum tobira dwarf pittosporum --- moderately sensitive --- ---
Pittosporum tobira Aiton mock orange --- --- highly tolerant tolerant
Plumbago auriculata am. Cape plumbago --- --- tolerant tolerant
Podocarpus macrophyllus D. Don yew pine --- --- sensitive sensitive
Pyracantha coccinea Roem. red firethorn --- --- moderate moderate
Pyracantha fortuneana pyracantha moderately sensitive moderately sensitive --- ---
Raphiolepis indica Indian hawthorn moderately tolerant moderately sensitive --- ---
Raphiolepis indica Lindl. Indian hawthorn --- --- highly tolerant tolerant
Rosa sp. L. rose --- sensitive sensitive sensitive
Rosmarinus officinalis rosemary moderately sensitive moderately tolerant --- ---
Russelia equisetiformis Schlecht & Cham. firecracker plant --- --- moderate moderate
Sambucus callicarpa Greene coast red elderberry --- --- tolerant moderate
Schefflera arboricola L. dwarf shefflera --- --- moderate moderate
Sophora secundiflora Texas mountain laurel --- sensitive --- ---
Strelitzia reginae Bankses Dryander bird of paradise --- --- moderate moderate
Thuja orientalis Oriental arborvitae --- moderately sensitive --- ---
Viburnum odoratissimum Ker. sweet viburnum --- --- moderate moderate
Viburnum suspensum Lindl. Sandankwa viburnum --- --- moderate moderate
Yucca aloifolia L. Spanish bayonet --- --- highly tolerant highly tolerant

*From Miyamoto, Martinez, Padilla, Portillo, and Ornelas, 2004.

**From Wu and Dodge, 2005.

Source 1’s ratings for tolerance to saline water spray:

Rating Definition
tolerant the growth of shoots is reduced by 25%, or more than 25% of leaves are injured, when plant is irrigated with water that has EC greater than 3 dS/m
moderately tolerant the growth of shoots is reduced by 25%, or more than 25% of leaves are injured, when plant is irrigated with water that has EC of 2 to 3 dS/m and which contains less than 425 ppm of sodium and less than 590 ppm of chloride
moderately sensitive the growth of shoots is reduced by 25%, or more than 25% of leaves are injured, when plant is irrigated with water that has EC of 1 to 2 dS/m and which contains less than 280 ppm of sodium and less than 360 ppm of chloride
sensitive the growth of shoots is reduced by 25%, or more than 25% of leaves are injured, when plant is irrigated with water that has EC of less than 1 dS/m and which contains less than 280 ppm of sodium and less than 360 ppm of chloride

Source 1’s ratings for tolerance to salinity of soil:

Rating Definition
tolerant leaves uninjured when the soil’s salinity, as indicated by ECe, is 8 to 10 dS/m
moderately tolerant leaves uninjured with ECe of 6 to 8 dS/m
moderately sensitive leaves sustain minimal to recognizable injuries when the soil’s ECe reaches 3 to 6 dS/m
sensitive leaves sustain minimal, if any, recognizable injuries with ECe of less than 3 dS/m

Source 2’s ratings for tolerance to saline water spray:

Rating Definition
highly tolerant no symptoms of salt-related stress observed when irrigated via overhead sprinklers with water containing 600 mg/L of sodium and 900 mg/L of chloride
tolerant no symptoms of salinity-induced stress observed when irrigated via overhead sprinklers with water containing 200 mg/L of sodium and 400 mg/L of chloride
moderately tolerant symptoms of salinity-induced stress observed on less than 10% of leaves when irrigated via overhead sprinklers with water containing 200 mg/L of sodium and 400 mg/L of chloride
sensitive symptoms of salinity-induced stress observed on more than 20% of leaves when irrigated via overhead sprinklers with water containing 200 mg/L of sodium and 400 mg/L of chloride

Source 2’s ratings for tolerance to salinity of soil:

Rating Definition
highly tolerant no symptoms of salt-related stress develop, even when the soil’s salinity, as indicated by ECe, exceeds 6 dS/m
tolerant no symptoms of salt-related stress develop with ECe of 4 to 6 dS/m
moderately tolerant no symptoms of salt-related stress develop with ECe of 2 to 4 dS/m
sensitive no symptoms of salt-related stress develop with ECe of less than 2 dS/m
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