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Relative tolerances of trees to salinity — Two sources of data

    Source 1* Source 2**
Botanical name Common name Tolerance to salt spray Tolerance to soil salinity Tolerance to salt spray Tolerance to soil salinity
Acacia baileyana mimosa sensitive --- --- ---
Acer pseudoplatanus L. sycamore maple --- --- sensitive sensitive
Acer rubrum L. red maple --- --- sensitive sensitive
>Albizia julibrissin Durazz. mimosa silk tree --- moderately sensitive sensitive sensitive
Araucaria heterophylla (Salisb.) Norfolk Island pine --- --- highly tolerant tolerant
Atriplex canescens four-wing saltbush --- tolerant --- ---
Averrhoa carambola L. carambola, starfruit --- --- moderate moderate
Baccharis salicifolia seep willow --- moderately sensitive --- ---
Bauhinia purpurea L. orchid tree --- --- sensitive moderate
Bumelia lanuginosa chittamwood moderately sensitive --- --- ---
Callistemon citrinus Curtis. lemon bottlebrush --- --- tolerant moderate
Carya illinoensis pecan highly sensitive --- --- ---
Carya illinoiensis Koch. pecan --- --- moderate moderate
Cedrus deodara D. Don deodar cedar --- --- moderate moderate
Celtis sinensis Pers. Chinese hackberry --- --- sensitive sensitive
Cercis occidentalis western red bud --- sensitive --- ---
Chilopsis linearis desert willow moderately tolerant sensitive --- ---
Chitalpa tashkentensis chitalpa --- sensitive --- ---
Citrus limon L. lemon --- --- sensitive sensitive
Citrus paradisi Macf. grapefruit --- --- sensitive sensitive
Citrus reticulata Blanco. tangerine --- --- sensitive sensitive
Citrus sinensis Osbeck. orange --- --- sensitive sensitive
Coccoloba uvifera L. sea grape --- --- highly tolerant tolerant
Cornus florida white dogwood --- sensitive --- ---
Cornus mas L. Cornelian cherry --- --- sensitive sensitive
Cotoneaster microphyllus Lindl. rockspray or little-leaf cotoneaster --- --- moderate moderate
Cupressocyparis leylandii Leyland cypress --- sensitive --- ---
Cupressus arizonica Arizona cypress sensitive moderately tolerant --- ---
Cupressus sempervirens L. Italian cypress tolerant moderately tolerant moderate moderate
Diospyros digyna L. black sapote --- --- moderate moderate
Diospyros virginiana persimmon --- --- sensitive sensitive
Elaeagnus pungens silverberry sensitive --- --- ---
Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. loquat --- --- moderate moderate
Euonyomus japonica euonyomus tolerant --- --- ---
Euryops pectinatus golden marguerite --- --- sensitive sensitive
Ficus carica L. edible fig --- --- tolerant tolerant
Forestiera neomexicana desert olive --- moderately sensitive --- ---
Forsythia intermedia Zabel forsythia --- --- tolerant tolerant
Fraxinus angustifolia Raywood ash moderately sensitive --- --- ---
Fraxinus oxycarpa Bieb. Ex Willd. Raywood ash --- --- moderate moderate
Fraxinus pennsylvanica green ash --- sensitive --- ---
Fraxinus velutina Arizona ash sensitive --- --- ---
Ginkgo biloba L. ginkgo --- --- sensitive sensitive
Gleditsia triacanthos inermis honey locust sensitive tolerant --- ---
Grevillea robusta Cunn. silk oak --- --- highly tolerant tolerant
Jacaranda mimosifolia D. Don. jacaranda --- --- sensitive sensitive
Juniperus chinensis juniper moderately tolerant --- --- ---
Juniperus chinensis ‘Torulosa’ Hollywood juniper tolerant --- --- ---
Juniperus deppeana pachyphlaea alligator juniper moderately tolerant --- --- ---
Juniperus scopulorum rocky mountain juniper moderately tolerant moderately sensitive --- ---
Juniperus silicicola Bail. southern red cedar --- --- highly tolerant tolerant
Juniperus virginiana L. eastern red cedar, skyrocket juniper --- moderately sensitive highly tolerant tolerant
Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm. goldenrain tree --- --- moderate moderate
Lagerstoemia indica crape myrtle --- sensitive sensitive sensitive
Ligustrum japonica ligustrum tolerant --- --- ---
Ligustrum japonicum Thunb. Japanese privet --- --- moderate moderate
Liquidambar styraciflua sweetgum --- moderately tolerant sensitive sensitive
Litchi chinensis Sonn. lychee --- --- sensitive sensitive
Maclura pomifera Osage orange sensitive --- --- ---
Magnolia grandiflora southern magnolia --- moderately sensitive sensitive sensitive
Malus sylvestris Mill. crab apple --- --- sensitive sensitive
Mangifera indica L. mango --- --- sensitive sensitive
Manilkara zapota sapodilla --- --- tolerant tolerant
Morus alba white mulberry sensitive --- --- ---
Musa acuminata Colla. banana --- --- sensitive sensitive
Nerium oleander oleander tolerant --- --- ---
Nyssa sylvatica black gum --- moderately tolerant --- ---
Olea europaea L. European olive, olive moderately tolerant moderately tolerant sensitive sensitive
Parthenium argentatum Gray. guayule --- --- highly tolerant highly tolerant
Persea americana Mill. avocado --- --- moderate moderate
Pinus cembroides Zucc. Mexican piñon pine --- --- highly tolerant tolerant
Pinus clausa Vasey sand pine --- --- highly tolerant tolerant
Pinus edulis piñon pine --- moderately tolerant --- ---
Pinus eldarica Afghan pine tolerant moderately tolerant --- ---
Pinus elliottii Engelm. Florida slash pine --- --- moderate moderate
Pinus halepensis Mill. aleppo pine tolerant moderately tolerant moderate moderate
Pinus pinea Italian stone pine tolerant highly tolerant --- ---
Pinus strobus white pine --- moderately tolerant --- ---
Pinus thunbergii Japanese black pine tolerant moderately sensitive moderate moderate
Pistacia atlantica pistacia atlantica --- moderately sensitive --- ---
Pistacia chinensis Bunge. Chinese pistache sensitive moderately tolerant sensitive sensitive
Pistacia texana Texas pistache --- moderately tolerant --- ---
Pittosporum tobia compacta dwarf pittosporum tolerant --- --- ---
Platanous acerifolia sycamore highly sensitive --- --- ---
Platanus occidentalis American sycamore --- sensitive --- ---
Platanus wrightii Arizona sycamore --- sensitive --- ---
Platycladus orientalis Franco Oriental arborvitae --- --- moderate moderate
Plumaria spp. L. frangipani --- --- tolerant tolerant
Plumbago auriculata Lam. Cape plumbago --- --- tolerant moderate
Podocarpus macrophyllus Japanese yew --- sensitive --- ---
Populus alba bolleana poplar --- moderately sensitive --- ---
Populus fremontii cottonwood highly sensitive moderately sensitive --- ---
Populus sp. poplar sensitive --- --- ---
Prosopis chilensis Chilean mesquite --- tolerant --- ---
Prosopis glandulosa honey mesquite moderately tolerant tolerant --- ---
Prosopis pubescens screwbean mesquite --- highly tolerant --- ---
Prunus armeniaca L. apricot --- --- sensitive sensitive
Prunus caroliniana Ait. Carolina laurel cherry --- --- moderate sensitive
Prunus cerasifera purple cherry plum --- moderately sensitive --- ---
Prunus duclis D.A.Webb. almond --- --- sensitive sensitive
Prunus persica Batsch peach --- --- sensitive sensitive
Prunus spinosa L. blackthorn --- --- tolerant moderate
Psidium guajava L. guava --- --- sensitive sensitive
Punica granatum L. pomegrenate sensitive moderately tolerant moderate moderate
Pyrus spinosa Forssk. almond-leaved pear --- --- moderate moderate
Quercus agrifolia Nee Coast live oak --- --- tolerant tolerant
Quercus ilex holly oak moderately tolerant sensitive --- ---
Quercus laurifolia Michux laurel Oak --- --- sensitive sensitive
Quercus macrocarpa bur oak sensitive sensitive --- ---
Quercus palustris pin oak --- sensitive --- ---
Quercus shumardii Shumard red oak sensitive sensitive --- ---
Quercus suber L. cork oak --- --- moderate moderate
Quercus virginiana Southern live oak --- moderately sensitive --- ---
Quercus virginiana Mill. live oak moderately sensitive --- highly tolerant tolerant
Robinia pseudoacacia black locust sensitive tolerant --- ---
Salix babylonica weeping willow moderately sensitive --- --- ---
Salix matsudana tortuosa corkscrew willow moderately sensitive --- --- ---
Salix matsudana umbraculifera globe willow moderately sensitive --- --- ---
Salix sp. willows --- sensitive --- ---
Sapindus drummondii western soapberry highly sensitive --- --- ---
Sapium sebiferum Roxb. Chinese tallow tree --- --- highly tolerant tolerant
Schefflera actinophylla Harms schefflera, umbrella tree --- --- moderate moderate
Sequoia sempervirens Endl. coast redwood var. Aptos Blue --- --- sensitive sensitive
Sequoia sempervirens Endl. coast redwood var. Los Altos --- --- moderate moderate
Sophora japonica Japanese pagoda moderately sensitive sensitive --- ---
Sophora secundiflora Texas mountain laurel --- sensitive --- ---
Syzgium jambos Alston rose apple --- --- sensitive sensitive
Thuja orientalis Oriental arborvitae sensitive --- ---
Ulmus parvifolia ‘Drake’ Chinese elm cv. Drake --- --- moderate moderate
Ulmus parvifolia Jacq. Chinese elm --- --- moderate moderate
Ulmus pumila Siberian elm --- moderately tolerant --- ---
Vitex agnus-castus Texas vitex moderately sensitive sensitive --- ---

* From Miyamoto, Martinez, Padilla, Portillo, and Ornelas, 2004.

** From Wu and Dodge, 2005.

Source 1’s ratings for tolerance to saline water spray:

Rating Definition
tolerant the growth of shoots is reduced by 25%, or more than 25% of leaves are injured, when plant is irrigated with water that has EC greater than 3 dS/m
moderately tolerant the growth of shoots is reduced by 25%, or more than 25% of leaves are injured, when plant is irrigated with water that has EC of 2 to 3 dS/m and which contains less than 425 ppm of sodium and less than 590 ppm of chloride
moderately sensitive the growth of shoots is reduced by 25%, or more than 25% of leaves are injured, when plant is irrigated with water that has EC of 1 to 2 dS/m and which contains less than 280 ppm of sodium and less than 360 ppm of chloride
sensitive the growth of shoots is reduced by 25%, or more than 25% of leaves are injured, when plant is irrigated with water that has EC of less than 1 dS/m and which contains less than 280 ppm of sodium and less than 360 ppm of chloride

Source 1’s ratings for tolerance to salinity of soil:

Rating Definition
tolerant leaves uninjured when the soil’s salinity, as indicated by ECe, is 8 to10 dS/m
moderately tolerant leaves uninjured with ECe of 6 to 8 dS/m
moderately sensitive leaves sustain minimal to recognizable injuries when the soil’s ECe reaches 3 to 6 dS/m
sensitive leaves sustain minimal, if any, recognizable injuries with ECe of less than 3 dS/m

Source 2’s ratings for tolerance to saline water spray:

Rating Definition
highly tolerant no symptoms of salt-related stress observed when irrigated via overhead sprinklers with water containing 600 mg/L of sodium and 900 mg/L of chloride
tolerant no symptoms of salinity-induced stress observed when irrigated via overhead sprinklers with water containing 200 mg/L of sodium and 400 mg/L of chloride
moderately tolerant symptoms of salinity-induced stress observed on less than 10% of leaves when irrigated via overhead sprinklers with water containing 200 mg/L of sodium and 400 mg/L of chloride
sensitive symptoms of salinity-induced stress observed on more than 20% of leaves when irrigated via overhead sprinklers with water containing 200 mg/L of sodium and 400 mg/L of chloride

Source 2’s ratings for tolerance to salinity of soil:

Rating Definition
highly tolerant no symptoms of salt-related stress develop, even when the soil’s salinity, as indicated by ECe, exceeds 6 dS/m
tolerant no symptoms of salt-related stress develop with ECe of 4 to 6 dS/m
moderately tolerant no symptoms of salt-related stress develop with ECe of 2 to 4 dS/m
sensitive no symptoms of salt-related stress develop with ECe of less than 2 dS/m
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